Building block



259 1935 B. DZIARSKI 2,022,590

BUILDING BLOCK Filed April 9, 1955 gmc/YM I 'Patented Nov. 26, 1935UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE 3 Claims.

This invention relates to a building block and to the method of layingthe same.

It is particularly aimed to provide a building block of moisture-proofconstruction, which is ornamental and of any desired color, capable ofbeing expeditiously laid without the necessity of employing skilledmechanics, and to this end especially being adapted for use by a numberof persons who live together, such as a family for instance, to erecttheir own home from building blocks. l

A particular object is to provide such a block which may also be used asa veneer for Wooden buildings, having its face finished harder and moreornamentally than the remainder thereof.

Still another Object is to provide a construction wherein the blockshave asphalt boards or stiif sheets at the inner face thereof oiset orprojecting beyond one end and side, in combination with pasteboard orfibrous sheets or boards in parallelism therewith on the opposite sideof the block adapted to become disengaged when moistened, the asphaltboard and the pasteboard coacting to form grooves and guides for thedisposition of the mortar or cementitious mattter which bonds the blockstogether, and also guides for the accurate laying or assembly of theblocks in wall or other form.

The more specific objects and advantages will in part be pointed outhereinafter and otherwise become apparent from a consideration of thedescription following taken in connection with accompanying drawingillustrating an operative embodiment.

In said drawing:-

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, fragmentarily showing the use ofthe improved block in constructing a Wall;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional View taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the plane of line 3-3of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is a detail perspective view of one of the blocks.

Referring specifically to the drawing, a wall constructed in accordancewith the invention preferably comprises inner and outer rows or coursesof blocks A and B, preferably spaced apart as at C, to provide a deadair space in order to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter.

The blocks A are arranged outermost and when a wooden or other buildingis to be faced, said blocks A are preferably used. Such blocks A for themost part, are cast from a cementitious mixture of cinders, or crushedstone, or shale, or slag, Portland cement and sand, and simultaneouslycast therewith is a facing I0 preferably composed of a composition ofclay, sand, white cement and any suitable coloring matter. Said blocks Bare 5 preferably cast from a mixture of cinders, or crushed stone, orshale, or slag, and Portland cement or cinders, or crushed stone, orshale, or slag, Portland cement and sand. Obviously the blocks A and Bmay be of any desired size and 10 shape.

In order to render the wall or section thereof consisting of the blocksA water or moistureproof, the blocks preferably have asphalt boards orsheets II permanently bonded to the blocks 15 at the rear or innersurfaces thereof. It will be particularly noted that such boards II areof substantially the same area as one side of the block and that theyare offset with respect thereto so that one edge and one end as at I2and I3, 2O respectively, will project beyond the block while theremaining end and edge of the sheet II will be spaced from the adjacentlongitudinal and end edges of the block. By asphalt boards is meant, aheavy paper, pasteboard or vegetable 25 fibre sheets suitablyimpregnated with asphalt, asphaltum, or the equivalent to render thesame `water and moisture-proof.

At the sides of the blocks A opposite to the sheets or asphalt boardsII, are stiff pasteboard 30 or fibrous sheets I4. These sheets areunited to the blocks by a suitable Water soluble cement or adhesive asat I5, for instance, such a cement being composed of any suitableadhesive material 3 that is pervious to moisture such for instance aspaperhangers paste or the like.

The sheets I4 are of the same size as the sheets I I and are inparallelism thereto so that one side edge portion and one end edgeportion will project beyond the block While the other side edge portionand end edge portion will terminate short of the corresponding edges ofthe block.

In the laying of the blocks A, a suitable foundation as at D is providedwhich may be concrete and while the same is moist or has an applicationof mortar E thereon, a series of the blocks, that is, the lower row ispositioned thereon with the projecting end portions of the sheets II andI 4 engaging the inset end portions of the corresponding sheets of thenext adjacent block, it being noted that the projecting end portions I3or the equivalent of the sheets II and I4 are slightly longer than thedistance from their other ends to the other end of the block, to the endthat when the rst course or row is laid, the ends of the blocks properwill be spaced apart, as particularly shown in Figure 3, so as toprovide a space to receive mortar as at I5. When the first course ofVthe blocks is laid, mortar is applied in the spaces as at I6 and on topof the blocks between the ilanges or projecting portions of the sheetsII and I4, after which, a subsequent row or course of the blocks islaid, the Vlower portions thereof being disposed between the projectingportions of the sheets II-and I4 as best shown in Figure 2, with thesheets of the two courses contacting their adjacent longitudinal edges.'Ihere-Y after the spaces I6 between the ends of the blocks are lledwith mortar and mortar is applied to the tops of the blocks to receivethe succeeding course of blocks as suggested by the uppermost course inFigure 2.

In laying the blocks B, they preferably have sheets or boards I'I, ofthe identical material as those at I4,'and secured in place in the samemanner as those at I4, namely, by'adhesive, and being offset in the samemanner as the sheets I I and I4, coacting in the same way to provide thespaces for receiving the mortar between the ends of the blocks B as atI8, and between the horizontal surfaces of the blocks B as at I9.

In the building of. the wall, preferably a layer or course of the blocksA is laid and a course of the blocks B is laid, after which corrugatedmetallicV tie members or the equivalent as at' 2li) .are

since the sheetsv III are of pasteboard or the like, Y they will absorbmoisture from the mortar which they engage, suflicient to dissolve theadhesive I5 to release the sheets I4, or if desired, such moisture maybe supplemented by water sprayed on the sheets Iii or otherwise appliedthereto. The'sheets I4 thus serve as protecting means for the faces ofthe blocks while being erected as well as coacting Y with the sheets I Ito form the mortar grooves and aline and accurately space and positionthe blocks,

enabling an unskilled workman to erect a symmetrical and mechanicallyprecise wall speedily.

It is immaterial whether or not the sheets I1 remain on the blocks B.However, the sheets I1 on the outside of the wall are preferablyremoved.

Various changes may be resorted to provided they fall within the spiritand Scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:-

1. A block of the class described having a body, 10 sheets on oppositesides of the block, said sheets having corresponding end portions andlongitudinalV edge portions projecting beyond the block with theirremaining end portions and edge portions spaced from the adjacent edgesof the block Y tions spaced from the adjacent edges of theblock for thepurpose specified, the projecting portions of said sheets providingchannels forrthe reception of mortar and portions of the adjacentblocks, said channels being of greater depth than the portionsl of theblocks disposable therein and water soluble adhesive securing saidsheets to `said block. 35

with their remaining end portions and edge poro tions spaced fromtheadjacent edges ofthe block for the purpose specied, the projectingportions of. said sheets providing channels for the reception of mortarand portions of the adjacent blocks,

said channels being of greater depth than the portions of the blocksdisposable therein and a water soluble adhesive securing one of saidsheets to the block, the other sheet being of water-proofing material.

BRONISLAWY DZIARSKI.

